PELUNASAN HUTANG PUPUK DIBAYAR DENGAN GABAH PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Ladongi)

Nurfadila. Nim 2021020102030., N (2026) PELUNASAN HUTANG PUPUK DIBAYAR DENGAN GABAH PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Ladongi). Other thesis, IAIN KENDARI.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK

Nurfadila. Nim 2021020102030. Pelunasan Hutang Pupuk Dibayar Dengan
Gabah Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Ladongi).
Dibimbing oleh Dr. Kartini M.HI. dan Adenisatrawan S. HI., MH.

Penelitian ini membahas praktik pelunasan hutang pupuk yang dibayar dengan gabah
di Kelurahan Ladongi serta menganalisis rukun dan syarat sah hutang piutang
berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip hukum ekonomi syariah. Latar belakang penelitian ini
adalah keterbatasan modal petani pada awal musim tanam yang menyebabkan mereka
meminjam pupuk dari pedagang atau pengepul, dengan kewajiban melunasi hutang
menggunakan gabah hasil panen. Praktik tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan kesepakatan
lisan tanpa perjanjian tertulis dan disertai kewajiban bagi petani untuk menjual seluruh
hasil panennya kepada pihak pemberi hutang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode
kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui
wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian terdiri atas pedagang
pengepul dan petani di Kelurahan Ladongi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan
menggunakan prinsip-prinsip hukum ekonomi syariah serta mengkaji pemenuhan
rukun dan syarat sah hutang piutang (qardh), meliputi pihak yang berakad (muqridh
dan muqtaridh), objek hutang, sighat (ijab dan kabul), serta syarat kejelasan jumlah
hutang, kerelaan para pihak, dan kehalalan objek hutang. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa secara rukun, praktik hutang pupuk yang dibayar dengan gabah
telah terpenuhi karena adanya pemberi hutang, penerima hutang, objek hutang, dan
kesepakatan antara kedua belah pihak. Namun, dari segi syarat sah, masih ditemukan
kelemahan terutama pada aspek kejelasan akad, ketentuan harga yang tidak transparan,
serta adanya kewajiban menjual gabah kepada satu pihak. Dari perspektif hukum
ekonomi syariah, praktik tersebut secara konsep termasuk bentuk muamalah yang
diperbolehkan dalam Islam. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat beberapa
penyimpangan dari prinsip hukum ekonomi syariah, terutama dalam aspek keadilan,
maslahat, kebebasan bertransaksi, dan kehalalan transaksi. Penetapan harga gabah
yang lebih rendah dari harga pasar, kewajiban menjual hasil panen kepada satu pihak,
serta tidak adanya akad tertulis menunjukkan adanya ketidakseimbangan posisi antara
petani dan pengepul. Meskipun terdapat unsur amanah dalam proses penimbangan dan
kesepakatan awal, secara keseluruhan praktik tersebut belum sepenuhnya
mencerminkan nilai keadilan dan kemaslahatan.
Kata Kunci: Hutang Pupuk, Gabah, Hukum Ekonomi Syariah.

ABSTRACT

Nurfadila. Nim 2021020102030. The repayment of fertilizer debts is paid with the
perspective of Sharia Economic Law (Case Study of Ladongi Village). Guided by Dr.
Kartini, M.HI. and Adenisatrawan S. HI., MH.

This study discusses the practice of repaying fertilizer debts paid with grain in Ladongi
Village and analyzes the principles and legal conditions of debts and receivables based
on the principles of sharia economic law. The background of this research is the limited
capital of farmers at the beginning of the planting season which causes them to borrow
fertilizer from traders or collectors, with the obligation to pay off debts using harvested
grain. This practice is carried out based on a verbal agreement without a written
agreement and accompanied by an obligation for farmers to sell all their crops to the
creditor. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data
collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations, and
documentation. The research subjects consisted of collectors and farmers in Ladingi
Village. Data analysis was carried out using the principles of sharia economic law and
examining the fulfillment of the principles and legal conditions of debts and
receivables (qardh), including parties to the contract (muqridh and muqtaridh), debt
objects, sighat (ijab and kabul), as well as the requirements for clarity of the amount
of debt, the willingness of the parties, and the halalness of the debt object. The results
of the study show that in harmony, the practice of fertilizer debts paid with grain has
been fulfilled due to the existence of the debtor, the recipient of the debt, the object of
the debt, and the agreement between the two parties. However, in terms of legal
requirements, weaknesses are still found, especially in the aspect of clarity of the
contract, non-transparent price provisions, and the obligation to sell grain to one party.
From the perspective of sharia economic law, the practice is conceptually a form of
muamalah that is permissible in Islam. However, in its implementation there are
several deviations from the principles of sharia economic law, especially in the aspects
of justice, benefits, freedom of transactions, and halal transactions. The determination
of grain prices that are lower than the market price, the obligation to sell crops to one
party, and the absence of a written contract indicate that there is an imbalance of
position between farmers and collectors. Although there is an element of trust in the
initial weighing and agreement process, the overall practice does not fully reflect the
value of justice and benefit.
Keywords: Fertilizer Debt, Grain, Sharia Economic Law.

Item Type:	Thesis (Other)
Uncontrolled Keywords:	Hutang Pupuk, Gabah, Hukum Ekonom i Syariah.
Subjects:	200 Agama > 2X4 Fiqih, Hukum Islam > 2x4.2 Muamalah > 2X4.23 Hukum Perjanjian dalam Islam
Divisions:	Fakultas Syariah > Prodi Muamalah
Depositing User:	Unnamed user with email [email protected]
Date Deposited:	05 Feb 2026 07:34
Last Modified:	05 Feb 2026 07:34
URI:	http://digitallib.iainkendari.ac.id/id/eprint/4218

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